Interview questions
Expected Value quant interview questions
48 interview-style expected value problems, ordered from easy to hard.
Expected value questions are among the most common in quant trading interviews because they mirror real trading decisions: what is a game worth, and should you play it? You will need linearity of expectation, indicator variables, conditioning on the first step, stopping rules and optimal strategies for dice, card and coin games. Interviewers often follow up by changing the payoff or letting you re-roll, so understanding why a method works matters more than recalling a number. The problems below range from one-line linearity tricks to multi-stage games with optimal stopping and variance follow-ups. Every free problem includes hints and a full worked solution, written to show the reasoning a strong candidate would say out loud, so you can build speed and confidence for market-facing interviews.
Practice Expected Value interactivelyEasy (10)
- Symmetric Walk Mean · Random Walk
- Waiting for Sixes · Waiting Times
- Adjacent Equal Coin Flips · Indicator Variables
- Expected Heads in Twenty Flips · Linearity
- Expected Heads with a Biased Coin · Linearity
- Expected Sum of Ten Dice · Linearity
- Waiting for a Rare Success · Geometric Distribution
- Random Walk Mean After Twenty Steps · Random Walk
- Expected Failures Before Success · Geometric Distribution
- Expected P&L of a Two-Outcome Strategy · Trading
Medium (26)
- Maximum of Three · Order Statistics
- Expected Max of Two Dice · Dice
- Expected Min of Two Dice · Dice
- Two in a Row · Coin Stopping Times
- Collecting All Faces · Coupon Collector
- Occupied Boxes · Occupancy
- Reroll or Keep · Optimal Rerolling
- Inversions in Shuffles · Random Permutations
- Consecutive Values Become Neighbours · Random Permutations
- Waiting for HT · Pattern Waiting Times
- Birthday Collision Pairs · Indicator Variables
- Paying for a Reroll · Optimal Decision
- Waiting for Two Specific Faces · Coupon Collection
- Sum Before the First Six · Recursion
- Expected Absolute Difference of Two Dice · Dice
- Distinct Faces in Three Rolls · Indicator Variables
- Expected Empty Boxes · Occupancy
- Coupon Collector for a Four-Sided Die · Coupon Collector
- Waiting for HH · Pattern Waiting Times
- Reroll on an Eight-Sided Die · Optimal Rerolling
- Inversions in an Eight-Element Permutation · Random Permutations
- Adjacent Equal Pairs in Twelve Flips · Indicator Variables
- Collision Pairs Among Balls · Indicator Variables
- Second Moment of the Walk · Random Walk
- Expected Trials for Three Successes · Negative Binomial
- One Chance to Redraw a Uniform · Optimal Stopping
Hard (12)
- Minimum of Three Dice · Order Statistics
- Racing to Heads · Geometric Distribution
- Tetrahedral Dice Duel · Recursive Games
- Dice Streak Threshold · Optimal Stopping
- Pattern Waiting Times · Pattern Waiting Times
- Two Rerolls Allowed · Dynamic Programming
- Empty Seats Occupancy · Indicators
- Waiting for HTH · Pattern Waiting Times
- Records in a Random Permutation · Indicator Variables
- Maximum of Two Exponentials · Exponential Distribution
- Paying to Reroll a Ten-Sided Die · Optimal Rerolling
- Records Among Ten Values · Indicator Variables