Relative Order

Combinatorics
Random Permutations
Easy
Eight distinct people stand in a uniformly random order. What is the probability that Alice appears before Bob and Bob appears before Charlie?
Hint 1

The other five people are irrelevant to the relative ordering of these three.

Hint 2

Among Alice, Bob and Charlie, all relative orderings are equally likely.

Show worked solution
  1. 1. Reduce to three people

    By symmetry, the relative order of Alice, Bob and Charlie within the full line is uniformly distributed over the possible orderings, regardless of the other five positions.

  2. 2. Pick the favorable ordering

    Exactly one of the six orderings is Alice-Bob-Charlie.

Answer: 1/6

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